Metagenomics, based on next-generation sequencing (NGS), has been available for a decade and is now widely used for research purposes.
In parallel, clinicians are currently paying a growing interest in how NGS could help in the diagnosis and management of several diseases. In the field of infectious diseases, metagenomics has demonstrated its potential in the identification of pathogens and the inference of the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of bacteria. On a broader perspective, metagenomics of the intestinal microbiota has open several opportunities in various clinical fields such as obesity, autism and cancer.